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Orfeo (Rossi)
''Orfeo'' (''Orpheus'') is an opera in three acts, a prologue and an epilogue by the Italian composer Luigi Rossi. The libretto, by Francesco Buti, is based on the myth of Orpheus and Eurydice. ''Orfeo'' premiered at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal in Paris on 2 March 1647.〔Some sources give the date of the premiere as 26 February or 3 March, but Loewenberg 1978, column 25, says these are incorrect.〕 It was one of the earliest operas to be staged in France.
==Background and performance history==
Rossi had already written one opera, ''Il palazzo incantato'', for Rome. This aroused the interest of the French first minister, the Italian-born Cardinal Mazarin, who was eager to bring Italian culture to Paris and hired Rossi in 1646 to write an opera for the Paris carnival the following year. During his stay in France, Rossi learnt that his wife, Costanza, had died and the grief he felt influenced the music he was writing. The premiere was given a magnificent staging with the sets and stage machinery designed by Giacomo Torelli. Over 200 men were employed to work on the scenery. The choreography was by Giovan Battista Balbi. The performance, which lasted six hours, was a triumph. However, Rossi proved to be a victim of his own success. The expense of the performance was just one of many reasons stoking popular discontent against Cardinal Mazarin which soon broke out into full-scale rebellion (the Fronde). When Rossi returned to Paris in December, 1647, he found the court had fled Paris and his services were no longer required.
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